What the KN-24 is made of

72 documented parts and 72 photos, from recovered wreckage and the reporting on it. Each part gives its marking, maker and country where known, and links the record it comes from.

Where the parts were made

United States of America 46
Burr-Brown Corporation (Texas Instruments), Fairchild Semiconductor (ON Semiconductor), IXYS, Broadcom Corporation, AVX Corporation, Analog Devices, Maxim Integrated Products (Analog Devices), Linear Technology Corporation (Analog Devices), Altera Corporation (Intel), Texas Instruments, KEMET (YAGEO Corporation), Atmel (Microchip Technology)
People's Republic of China 9
Shenzhen Ruised Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Eascera Electronics Co., Ltd., MORNSUN Guangzhou Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Jiading Industrial Co., Ltd.
Switzerland 4
STMicroelectronics, LEM International SA, Traco Power, Axicom (TE Connectivity)
Japan 4
Toshiba, Murata
Netherlands 2
NXP Semiconductors
Taiwan 2
VBsemi Electronics Co.,Ltd, Sunonwealth Electric Machine Co. (SUNON)
Germany 1
Siemens

Sources

Ukrainian pages read alongside the English: same items, markings and text.

Ballistic missile KN-24

On-board electronic computing machine

  • BB11174 2112ZVM Voltage regulator Burr-Brown Corporation (Texas Instruments)United States of AmericaA voltage regulator from Burr-Brown (now part of Texas Instruments), fitted on the on-board computer. It conditions a supply rail so the computer’s logic sees a stable voltage.record ↗ Voltage regulator, marked BB11174 2112ZVM
  • V4 tg Electronic component Not identifiedAn electronic component on the on-board computer whose maker and type have not been identified from the marking. Its role in the circuit is not established.record ↗ Electronic component, marked V4 tg
  • VT-75B 20.0000 2420 Quartz oscillator Not identifiedA 20 MHz quartz oscillator on the on-board computer. It provides the stable clock the computer’s digital circuits use to keep time and sequence their operations.record ↗ Quartz oscillator, marked VT-75B 20.0000 2420
  • 50P04 13 L A AE T95B P-channel MOSFET VBsemi Electronics Co.,LtdTaiwanA P-channel MOSFET from the Taiwanese maker VBsemi Electronics, fitted on the on-board computer. It acts as a switching or load-side transistor in a low-power circuit.record ↗ P-channel MOSFET, marked 50P04 13 L A AE T95B
  • M07 1261 V23079-A1005-B301 Signal relay Axicom (TE Connectivity)SwitzerlandA V23079-series signal relay from Axicom, a TE Connectivity brand. It switches a low-current electrical signal under logic control inside the on-board computer.record ↗ Signal relay, marked M07 1261 V23079-A1005-B301
  • LO20047 V23079-A1005-B301 Relay SiemensGermanyA V23079-series relay carrying Siemens marking, the earlier branding of the same Axicom family. It switches a low-current signal under logic control inside the on-board computer.record ↗ Relay, marked LO20047 V23079-A1005-B301
  • EAS12.000 Quartz Crystal Oscillator 12MHz Shenzhen Eascera Electronics Co., Ltd.People's Republic of ChinaA 12 MHz quartz crystal from the Chinese maker Shenzhen Eascera Electronics. It sets a precise clock frequency for a digital circuit on the on-board computer.record ↗ Quartz Crystal Oscillator 12MHz, marked EAS12.000
  • BB11174 2BZG77H Voltage regulator Burr-Brown Corporation (Texas Instruments)United States of AmericaA voltage regulator from Burr-Brown (Texas Instruments), fitted on the on-board computer. It conditions a supply rail to a stable voltage for the computer’s logic.record ↗ Voltage regulator, marked BB11174 2BZG77H
  • B0505S-1WR3 2211 DC/DC converter MORNSUN Guangzhou Science & Technology Co., Ltd.People's Republic of ChinaMade March (11 week) 2022A B0505S-1WR3 isolated DC/DC converter from the Chinese maker MORNSUN, rated at one watt with a 5 V input and a 5 V output. It produces a galvanically isolated 5 V rail for a section of the on-board computer.record ↗ DC/DC converter, marked B0505S-1WR3 2211
  • WRB2405S-WR2 2218 DC/DC converter MORNSUN Guangzhou Science & Technology Co., Ltd.People's Republic of ChinaMade May (18 week) 2022A WRB2405S-WR2 isolated DC/DC converter from MORNSUN, rated at two watts with a 24 V input and a 5 V output. It produces an isolated 5 V rail from the 24 V bus for the on-board computer.record ↗ DC/DC converter, marked WRB2405S-WR2 2218
  • HCPL-0630 0630 2147 FZY Optocoupler Broadcom CorporationUnited States of AmericaMade November (47 week) 2021A high-speed digital optocoupler that carries a digital signal across a light gap, keeping the flight computer’s logic electrically isolated from noisier or higher-voltage circuits on the board.record ↗ Optocoupler, marked HCPL-0630 0630 2147 FZY
  • HCPL-7840 A 7840 2132 064 Optocoupler Broadcom CorporationUnited States of AmericaMade August (32 week) 2021An isolation amplifier. It passes an analog measurement across a light gap, letting the flight computer read a sensor voltage without a direct electrical connection to the circuit being measured.record ↗ Optocoupler, marked HCPL-7840 A 7840 2132 064
  • 1648 TLP281-4 GB Optocoupler ToshibaJapanA four-channel transistor-output photocoupler. It passes four digital on/off signals across light gaps so the flight computer stays electrically separated from the circuits it is sensing or driving.record ↗ Optocoupler, marked 1648 TLP281-4 GB
  • MAX3087 CSA +705 RS-485/RS-422 Transceiver Maxim Integrated Products (Analog Devices)United States of AmericaAn RS-485/RS-422 transceiver. It drives and receives data on a differential two-wire serial bus, letting the flight computer talk to other units over a noise-resistant wired link.record ↗ RS-485/RS-422 Transceiver, marked MAX3087 CSA +705
  • ULN2803APG 803033 High−voltage, high−current Darlington driver ToshibaJapanAn eight-channel Darlington transistor array. It lets the microcontroller’s small logic outputs switch heavier loads such as relays, solenoids or small motors inside the flight computer.record ↗ High−voltage, high−current Darlington driver, marked ULN2803APG 803033
  • LPC1769FBD100 SHN328.1 01 ZSD1746A Microcontroller NXP SemiconductorsNetherlandsA general-purpose 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller. On this board it runs embedded control code and coordinates the other chips around it.record ↗ Microcontroller, marked LPC1769FBD100 SHN328.1 01 ZSD1746A
  • HCPL-063L 063L 2151 HUU Optocoupler Broadcom CorporationUnited States of AmericaMade December (51 week) 2021A low-power high-speed digital optocoupler. It passes a digital signal across a light gap so two circuits on the flight computer stay electrically separated.record ↗ Optocoupler, marked HCPL-063L 063L 2151 HUU
  • HCPL-063L 063L 2136 UXJ Optocoupler Broadcom CorporationUnited States of AmericaMade September (36 week) 2021A low-power high-speed digital optocoupler. It passes a digital signal across a light gap so two circuits on the flight computer stay electrically separated.record ↗ Optocoupler, marked HCPL-063L 063L 2136 UXJ
  • HCPL-063L 063L 2151 HUT Optocoupler Broadcom CorporationUnited States of AmericaMade December (51 week) 2021A low-power high-speed digital optocoupler. It passes a digital signal across a light gap so two circuits on the flight computer stay electrically separated.record ↗ Optocoupler, marked HCPL-063L 063L 2151 HUT
  • HCPL-063L 063L 2136 UXQ Optocoupler Broadcom CorporationUnited States of AmericaMade September (36 week) 2021A low-power high-speed digital optocoupler. It passes a digital signal across a light gap so two circuits on the flight computer stay electrically separated.record ↗ Optocoupler, marked HCPL-063L 063L 2136 UXQ
  • BB11174 15ZG44H Voltage regulator Burr-Brown Corporation (Texas Instruments)United States of AmericaA Burr-Brown (Texas Instruments) voltage regulator. It supplies a steady DC rail to other chips on the flight computer board.record ↗ Voltage regulator, marked BB11174 15ZG44H
  • B0505S-1WR3 2211 DC/DC converter MORNSUN Guangzhou Science & Technology Co., Ltd.People's Republic of ChinaMade March (11 week) 2022A small 1-watt isolated DC/DC converter stepping 5 volts to 5 volts. It generates a clean, galvanically isolated supply rail for part of the flight computer.record ↗ DC/DC converter, marked B0505S-1WR3 2211
  • 2135 LTC2864S-1 RS485/RS422 transceiver Linear Technology Corporation (Analog Devices)United States of AmericaAn RS-485/RS-422 serial-bus transceiver. It lets the flight computer send and receive data over a differential wired link to other units on board.record ↗ RS485/RS422 transceiver, marked 2135 LTC2864S-1
  • URB2405LD-20WR3 2313 DC/DC converter MORNSUN Guangzhou Science & Technology Co., Ltd.People's Republic of ChinaMade March-April (13 week) 2023A MORNSUN URB2405LD 20 W isolated DC/DC converter. It converts a 24 V input to an isolated 5 V output to supply another part of the electronics.record ↗ DC/DC converter, marked URB2405LD-20WR3 2313
  • Cyclone III EP3C25E14417N G CСABG 2213A S202AJ01 3N3GA2EOA Field programmable gate array (FPGA) Altera Corporation (Intel)United States of AmericaA field-programmable gate array with roughly 25,000 logic cells. It is reconfigurable digital logic used here for high-speed data handling and glue logic between the other chips.record ↗ Field programmable gate array (FPGA), marked Cyclone III EP3C25E14417N G CСABG 2213A S202AJ01 3N3GA2EOA
  • А-225 TMS320C6726BRFP C12-31AC47T G4 Digital signal processor Texas InstrumentsUnited States of AmericaA floating-point digital signal processor. It performs the fast numerical computations the flight computer needs to work on sensor and signal data in real time.record ↗ Digital signal processor, marked А-225 TMS320C6726BRFP C12-31AC47T G4
  • 337 J 90А62 Tantalum Capacitor AVX CorporationUnited States of AmericaA tantalum capacitor, 330 µF rated for about 10 V. It stabilises a power rail and buffers short current peaks.record ↗ Tantalum Capacitor, marked 337 J 90А62
  • ADP3338AKC-5 3338 A33 Voltage stabilizer Analog DevicesUnited States of AmericaA low-dropout linear voltage regulator producing a stable 5-volt supply rail for other chips on the flight computer board.record ↗ Voltage stabilizer, marked ADP3338AKC-5 3338 A33
  • ADP3338AKC-5 3338 A25 Voltage stabilizer Analog DevicesUnited States of AmericaA low-dropout linear voltage regulator producing a stable 5-volt supply rail for other chips on the flight computer board.record ↗ Voltage stabilizer, marked ADP3338AKC-5 3338 A25
  • TPS54312 1CT G4 AKRF Synchronous buck PWM switcher with integrated FETs Texas InstrumentsUnited States of AmericaA Texas Instruments TPS54312 synchronous buck PWM converter with integrated power transistors. It steps a higher input voltage down to a lower regulated voltage for other chips on the board.record ↗ Synchronous buck PWM switcher with integrated FETs, marked TPS54312 1CT G4 AKRF
  • 106 A 05A13 Tantalum Capacitor AVX CorporationUnited States of AmericaA tantalum capacitor. It is used on the flight computer board for power-supply decoupling and smoothing of voltage ripple close to the chips it serves.record ↗ Tantalum Capacitor, marked 106 A 05A13
  • АD9228 ABCPZ-40 #1543 3309069.1 Analog-to-Digital Converter 12 bit Analog DevicesUnited States of AmericaA four-channel 12-bit analog-to-digital converter. It digitises analog sensor signals so the flight computer’s processors can read them as numbers.record ↗ Analog-to-Digital Converter 12 bit, marked АD9228 ABCPZ-40 #1543 3309069.1
  • ADP3338AKC-5 3338 A18 Voltage regulator Analog DevicesUnited States of AmericaA low-dropout linear voltage regulator producing a stable 5-volt supply rail for other chips on the flight computer board.record ↗ Voltage regulator, marked ADP3338AKC-5 3338 A18
  • 227 C 32774 Tantalum Capacitor AVX CorporationUnited States of AmericaA tantalum capacitor. It is used on the flight computer board for power-supply decoupling and local energy storage close to the chips it serves.record ↗ Tantalum Capacitor, marked 227 C 32774
  • 2769E T2235 +BSCC Universal GPS receiver Maxim Integrated Products (Analog Devices)United States of AmericaA GNSS receiver front-end chip. It picks up and conditions the faint radio signals from GPS satellites so the flight computer can compute position.record ↗ Universal GPS receiver, marked 2769E T2235 +BSCC

Control and monitoring unit for the operation of control elements "5807"

  • PANAA MM74HC 244WM Non-inverting buffer Fairchild Semiconductor (ON Semiconductor)United States of AmericaAn octal non-inverting buffer from the 74HC logic family, originally a Fairchild Semiconductor part now carried by ON Semiconductor. It drives digital signals between stages of the control and monitoring unit without inverting them.record ↗ Non-inverting buffer, marked PANAA MM74HC 244WM
  • BYT261PIV400 Rectifier diode STMicroelectronicsSwitzerlandA fast rectifier diode from STMicroelectronics, used in the control and monitoring unit. It lets current flow one way only, typically to steer current in a power stage or protect a switching circuit.record ↗ Rectifier diode, marked BYT261PIV400
  • IXFN180N20 S23685 TS2310 N-channel MOSFET IXYSUnited States of AmericaA high-current N-channel power MOSFET from IXYS, used as a switching transistor in the control and monitoring unit’s power stage. It turns heavy currents on and off under the control of logic-level signals.record ↗ N-channel MOSFET, marked IXFN180N20 S23685 TS2310
  • HCS-LTS-15A Hall Effect Current Sensor LEM International SASwitzerlandA LEM HCS-LTS-15A Hall-effect current sensor rated for 15 A. It measures the current flowing through a conductor without a direct electrical connection to it.record ↗ Hall Effect Current Sensor, marked HCS-LTS-15A
  • HCPL-3120 A 3120 2116 562 Optocoupler Broadcom CorporationUnited States of AmericaMade April (16 week) 2021An HCPL-3120 gate-drive optocoupler from Broadcom. It passes a drive signal across an optical barrier to switch a power transistor, keeping the control electronics electrically isolated from the high-power side.record ↗ Optocoupler, marked HCPL-3120 A 3120 2116 562
  • 8.192 Quartz Crystal Oscillator Shenzhen Ruised Technology Co., Ltd.People's Republic of ChinaAn 8.192 MHz quartz crystal from the Chinese maker Shenzhen Ruised Technology. It sets a precise clock frequency for a digital circuit on the control and monitoring unit.record ↗ Quartz Crystal Oscillator, marked 8.192
  • 12.000 Quartz Crystal Oscillator 12MHz Shenzhen Ruised Technology Co., Ltd.People's Republic of ChinaA 12 MHz quartz crystal from Shenzhen Ruised Technology. It provides a precise clock for a digital circuit inside the control and monitoring unit.record ↗ Quartz Crystal Oscillator 12MHz, marked 12.000
  • TMR 3-2422VVI DC/DC converter Traco PowerSwitzerlandA TMR 3-2422 isolated DC/DC converter from the Swiss maker Traco Power, rated at 3 watts with a 24 V input. It produces a regulated, galvanically isolated supply for a section of the control and monitoring unit.record ↗ DC/DC converter, marked TMR 3-2422VVI
  • 107 J 042K1 Tantalum Capacitor AVX CorporationUnited States of AmericaA tantalum capacitor from AVX, fitted in the control and monitoring unit. It smooths a supply rail and stores a small reserve of charge for nearby circuits.record ↗ Tantalum Capacitor, marked 107 J 042K1
  • 106 С 193N1 Tantalum Capacitor AVX CorporationUnited States of AmericaA tantalum capacitor from AVX, used in the control and monitoring unit for local supply decoupling and energy storage.record ↗ Tantalum Capacitor, marked 106 С 193N1
  • 106 Т 80050 Tantalum Capacitor AVX CorporationUnited States of AmericaA tantalum capacitor from AVX, used in the control and monitoring unit for local supply decoupling and energy storage.record ↗ Tantalum Capacitor, marked 106 Т 80050
  • А 7800А 2134 493 Optically isolated amplifier Broadcom CorporationUnited States of AmericaAn A7800-series optically isolated amplifier from Broadcom. It measures a small analogue signal, typically a current-sense voltage, and passes it across an isolation barrier to the control electronics.record ↗ Optically isolated amplifier, marked А 7800А 2134 493
  • AD822A #0707 05502 Operational amplifier Analog DevicesUnited States of AmericaAn AD822 operational amplifier from Analog Devices, a dual low-power op-amp with JFET inputs. It conditions analogue signals inside the control and monitoring unit, such as sensor outputs before they are digitised.record ↗ Operational amplifier, marked AD822A #0707 05502
  • HCPL-5120 A 5120 2116 562 Optocoupler Broadcom CorporationUnited States of AmericaMade April (16 week) 2021An HCPL-5120 gate-drive optocoupler from Broadcom, the high-reliability sibling of the HCPL-3120. It passes a switching signal across an optical barrier to drive a power transistor while keeping the two sides isolated.record ↗ Optocoupler, marked HCPL-5120 A 5120 2116 562
  • MM74HC244WM Non-inverting buffer Fairchild Semiconductor (ON Semiconductor)United States of AmericaAn octal non-inverting buffer from the 74HC logic family, originally a Fairchild part now carried by ON Semiconductor. It drives digital signals between stages of the control and monitoring unit.record ↗ Non-inverting buffer, marked MM74HC244WM
  • AD2S1205 YSTZ #2015 2721549.1 Converter Analog DevicesUnited States of AmericaMade April (15 week) 2020An AD2S1205 resolver-to-digital converter from Analog Devices. It drives a resolver and converts its position signals into a digital angle and speed reading, used to measure the position of a rotating control element.record ↗ Converter, marked AD2S1205 YSTZ #2015 2721549.1
  • ADM2490E BRWZ #2105 5212926.1 RS-485 transceiver Analog DevicesUnited States of AmericaMade February (5 week) 2021An isolated RS-485 line driver and receiver from Analog Devices, used to send serial data between circuit boards over a twisted-pair link while keeping their electrical grounds separated.record ↗ RS-485 transceiver, marked ADM2490E BRWZ #2105 5212926.1
  • LPC1759FBD80 S2N462.1 03 ZSD1920A Microcontroller NXP SemiconductorsNetherlandsAn NXP LPC1759 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller. In the weapon it runs embedded control code on one of the circuit boards, handling input and output and driving the surrounding components.record ↗ Microcontroller, marked LPC1759FBD80 S2N462.1 03 ZSD1920A

Command devices complex "5801"

  • TLP181-GB 635 P181 GB Optocoupler ToshibaJapanA single-channel transistor-output photocoupler. It passes a digital on/off signal across a light gap inside the command unit, keeping the two sides electrically isolated.record ↗ Optocoupler, marked TLP181-GB 635 P181 GB
  • BNX022 Combined LC filter MurataJapanA combined LC noise filter block. It suppresses electrical noise on a power or signal line inside the command unit so nearby circuits run cleanly.record ↗ Combined LC filter, marked BNX022
  • 226 T 212K2 Tantalum Capacitor AVX CorporationUnited States of AmericaA tantalum capacitor. It is used inside the command unit for power-supply decoupling and smoothing of voltage ripple close to the chips it serves.record ↗ Tantalum Capacitor, marked 226 T 212K2
  • URB2405ZP-10WR3 2212 DC/DC converter MORNSUN Guangzhou Science & Technology Co., Ltd.People's Republic of ChinaMade March (12 week) 2022An isolated DC/DC converter module from MORNSUN. It steps a direct-current input down to a stable, lower voltage so the surrounding electronics inside the control unit get the supply they need.record ↗ DC/DC converter, marked URB2405ZP-10WR3 2212
  • MF30060V1-1000C-A99 DC5V 0.72W 5K210L4KZX Fan Sunonwealth Electric Machine Co. (SUNON)TaiwanA small 5-volt brushless cooling fan from SUNON. It moves air across the circuit boards inside the control unit to carry heat away from the components that run hottest.record ↗ Fan, marked MF30060V1-1000C-A99 DC5V 0.72W 5K210L4KZX
  • 106 J 906H3 Tantalum Capacitor AVX CorporationUnited States of AmericaA solid tantalum capacitor from AVX. It smooths the local supply voltage on a circuit board, holding charge so nearby chips keep running steadily when the current they draw changes.record ↗ Tantalum Capacitor, marked 106 J 906H3
  • 106 J 42N11 Tantalum Capacitor AVX CorporationUnited States of AmericaA solid tantalum capacitor from AVX. It smooths the local supply voltage on a circuit board, holding charge so nearby chips keep running steadily when the current they draw changes.record ↗ Tantalum Capacitor, marked 106 J 42N11
  • M160A 135 11 297 AA not identified Not identifiedThe part is not identified. Only the marking on its case is recorded.record ↗ not identified, marked M160A 135 11 297 AA
  • 6R8 Throttle Not identifiedA choke, a small coiled inductor. It blocks fast ripples on a power rail while letting the direct current through, which cleans up the supply feeding sensitive circuits.record ↗ Throttle, marked 6R8
  • 337 6k 919 Tantalum Capacitor KEMET (YAGEO Corporation)United States of AmericaA solid tantalum capacitor from KEMET, a line now owned by YAGEO. It smooths the local supply voltage on a circuit board, holding charge so nearby chips keep running steadily under changing load.record ↗ Tantalum Capacitor, marked 337 6k 919
  • 106C 110N2 Tantalum Capacitor AVX CorporationUnited States of AmericaA surface-mount tantalum capacitor, 10 µF rated for 16 V. It smooths and decouples a low-voltage power rail on the circuit board.record ↗ Tantalum Capacitor, marked 106C 110N2
  • 337 J T 41 U7 Tantalum Capacitor AVX CorporationUnited States of AmericaA tantalum capacitor, 330 µF rated for about 10 V. It stabilises a power rail and buffers short current peaks.record ↗ Tantalum Capacitor, marked 337 J T 41 U7
  • BB11174 3165812 Voltage regulator Burr-Brown Corporation (Texas Instruments)United States of AmericaA voltage regulator chip from Burr-Brown, a line now owned by Texas Instruments. It produces a steady output voltage from a varying input so neighbouring circuits run at a known, clean supply.record ↗ Voltage regulator, marked BB11174 3165812
  • HCPL-063L 063L 2217 NSB Optocoupler Broadcom CorporationUnited States of AmericaMade April-May (17 week) 2022A high-speed optocoupler from Broadcom. It passes a digital signal from one circuit to another using light inside the chip, so the two sides stay electrically isolated from each other.record ↗ Optocoupler, marked HCPL-063L 063L 2217 NSB
  • LT146 28631 Voltage regulator Linear Technology Corporation (Analog Devices)United States of AmericaA voltage regulator from Linear Technology, a line now owned by Analog Devices. It produces a steady output voltage from a varying input so the circuits it feeds see a known, clean supply.record ↗ Voltage regulator, marked LT146 28631
  • 2225 25DF041A SSH Memory chip Atmel (Microchip Technology)United States of AmericaA small serial flash memory chip from Atmel, a line now owned by Microchip Technology. It stores firmware or configuration data that the processor reads at power-up.record ↗ Memory chip, marked 2225 25DF041A SSH
  • А-225 TMS320C6726BRFP C12-32CY73T G4 Digital signal processor Texas InstrumentsUnited States of AmericaA floating-point digital signal processor from Texas Instruments’ C6000 family. It runs real-time maths — filtering sensor data and solving control equations — of the kind a guidance unit depends on.record ↗ Digital signal processor, marked А-225 TMS320C6726BRFP C12-32CY73T G4
  • Cyclone III EP3C25E14417N G CОABG 2243A S245AJO1 3N3GA2WOA Field programmable gate array (FPGA) Altera Corporation (Intel)United States of AmericaA Cyclone III field-programmable gate array from Altera, a line now owned by Intel. Its logic is configured by the designer and typically handles fast, parallel data flow between the other chips on the board.record ↗ Field programmable gate array (FPGA), marked Cyclone III EP3C25E14417N G CОABG 2243A S245AJO1 3N3GA2WOA
  • 21 8A MHP35 47RO J High power resistor Shenzhen Jiading Industrial Co., Ltd.People's Republic of ChinaA high-power resistor from Shenzhen Jiading. It carries current while dissipating the resulting heat, used where ordinary surface-mount resistors would overheat.record ↗ High power resistor, marked 21 8A MHP35 47RO J

Part records and photos: HUR War & Sanctions, Ukraine's Defence Intelligence database of foreign components found in Russian weapons, and the other sources named on each part. A marking, date code or country is given as the source records it.

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